Community-based prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in two endemic districts of Taiz governorate, Yemen

Abstract

Objectives: To identify the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis in Al-Shmaytin and Al-Mwaset districts, Taiz Governorate, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using structured questionnaires to collect information on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, behavioral factors, water contact, clinical history, schistosomiasis awareness, and stool examination results. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection was 14.3%, with a higher prevalence in Al-Mwaset (22.0%) than in Al-Shmaytin (6.9%). Most infections were of high intensity (43.3%), and the overall geometric mean egg count was 241.5 eggs per gram (EPG) of stool. Significant risk factors included younger age (6-18 years), living near ponds or dams, defecating near water sources, presence of blood in stool, and not receiving praziquantel treatment. Infection intensity was generally higher among males and adults over 18 years. Conclusions: Residents of the study areas were at a moderate risk of intestinal schistosomiasis. The disease was more common among people living near water bodies and those engaging in behaviors that increase exposure to contaminated water. Regular mass treatment with praziquantel, improved sanitation, safe water supplies, and health education were recommended to reduce transmission and morbidity.