Incidence of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sana'a City, Yemen

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) incidence and potential risk factors, including the khat chewing habit, among patients undergoing coronary intervention. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana'a, Yemen between January 2021 and August 2022. The study was conducted on 107 adult Yemeni patients (85 males and 22 females) admitted for coronary intervention. A structured-interview questionnaire was used to collect data, including patients' sociodemographic characteristics and medical history, and a clinical case sheet was used to collect data, including periprocedural variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: CA-AKI incidence in our patients was 18.7% (20/107). CA-AKI was significantly associated with preprocedural cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (P=0.003), low systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0.047), and emergent procedures (P=0.007). The incidence of CA-AKI was significantly correlated with performing emergent procedures in both univariate logistic regression (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.41-12.3, P=0.007) and multivariate logistic regression (OR 5.7, 95% CI: 1.07-30.39, P=0.04), and with hypertension (HTN) (OR 7.48, 95% CI: 1.38-40.49, P=0.02), anemia (OR 8.25, 95% CI: 1.15-59.2, P=0.03), and baseline serum-Cr > 1.18mg/dL (OR 8.25, 95% CI: 1.15-59.2, P=0.036) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The study highlights a relatively high incidence of CA-AKI in patients undergoing coronary intervention. Risk factors identified for the development of CA-AKI included hypertension (HTN), anemia, baseline serum creatinine > 1.18mg/dL, and emergent procedures. These findings confirm the importance of taking these factors into careful consideration while managing patients at risk of CA-AKI during coronary interventions.