Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Oromandibular Dystonia Among General Practitioners in Sana'a City, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Oromandibular dystonia is a focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue, causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech. Cranial dystonia is a broader term used to describe dystonia affecting any part of the head. Dystonia affecting the facial muscles and lips of musicians who play wind instruments is known as embouchure dystonia, while dystonia specifically affecting the tongue is known as lingual dystonia. Oromandibular dystonia may be primary or secondary. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of general practitioners in Sana'a city, Yemen, aged 22 years and older. A sample of 300 participants was recruited using a systematic random sampling method from selected private colleges. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions, with each question including two to four response options. Results: Several signs were reported to accompany oromandibular dystonia. The most common sign was involuntary contraction of the facial muscles, reported by 27% of participants, followed by stress, reported by 23%. Regarding diagnostic methods, magnetic resonance imaging was identified as the most appropriate method by 39% of participants, while neurological examination ranked second at 27%. Conclusion: Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by forceful muscle contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue, causing involuntary movements that may interfere with opening and closing the mouth and may affect chewing and speech. This study assessed general practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oromandibular dystonia in Sana'a city, Yemen. The results showed a moderate level of knowledge and practice among participants, indicating the need for further awareness and training on the diagnosis and management of this condition.